Sam Mark, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Northern Engineering-Water and Environmental Research Center, Fairbanks, AK, United States, Benjamin Gaglioti, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Northern Engineering, Fairbanks, AK, United States, Elizabeth K Thomas, University at Buffalo, Department of Earth Sciences, Buffalo, United States, Daniel H Mann, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, United States, Gerard Otiniano, University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Geography, Mississauga, Canada, Chris Hancock, Northern Arizona University, School of Earth and Sustainability, Flagstaff, United States and Nicholas McKay, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States