Interannual Variations in Spring Snowmelt Timing of Alaskan Black Spruce Forests Using a Bulk-Surface Energy Balance Approach
Hiroki Ikawa, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Sapporo, Japan, Taro Nakai, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, Yoshinobu Harazono, International Arctic Research Center, Fairbanks, United States, Hiroki Iwata, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan, Dr. Hirohiko Nagano, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-Gun, Tokai-Mura, Japan, Kazuyuki Saito, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan, Masahito Ueyama, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan and Hideki Kobayashi, JAMSTEC Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, RIGC, Kanagawa, Japan