Christopher T Hayes¹, Melissa Gilbert¹, Siqi Yu², Xiyu Sun², Tse Nga Ng², Valérie C. Pierre³, Zinan Yu³, Amar H. Flood⁴, Debapriya Gupta⁴, Jason D. Azoulay⁵, Paramasivam Mahalingam⁶ and Satoshi Ishii⁷, (1)University of Southern Mississippi, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, Stennis Space Center, United States, (2)University of California San Diego, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, La Jolla, United States, (3)University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, Salt Lake City, United States, (4)Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, United States, (5)Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Atlanta, United States, (6)Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, United States, (7)University of Minnesota, Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, St. Paul, United States