Brendan T Reilly¹, Ian Bailey², Stefanie Brachfeld³, Kelly Fenton-Samuels⁴, Alba Gonzalez-Lanchas⁵, Robert G Hatfield⁶, Sidney R Hemming¹, Claire E Jasper¹, Olga Libman-Roshal⁷, Sanzhar Khamitov⁸, Renata Lucchi⁹, Lindsey Monito¹⁰, Suzanne OConnell¹¹, Maureen E Raymo¹², Brancen Redman¹³, Thomas Ronge¹⁴, Kristen K St John¹⁵, Joseph S Stoner¹⁶, Yusuke Suganuma¹⁷, Lisa Tauxe¹⁸, Jonathan Warnock¹⁹, Trevor Williams²⁰, Yi Zhong²¹ and IODP Expedition 403 Scientists, (1)Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, United States, (2)University of Exeter, Camborne School of Mines, Penryn, United Kingdom, (3)Montclair State University, Montclair, United States, (4)Lamont -Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, United States, (5)University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, (6)University of Florida, Department of Geological Sciences, Gainesville, United States, (7)Montclair State University, Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair, NJ, United States, (8)Bowdoin College, Brunswick, United States, (9)National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics OGS, Trieste, Italy, (10)University of Florida, Ft Walton Beach, United States, (11)Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, United States, (12)Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, United States, (13)Oklahoma State University Main Campus, Boone Pickens School of Geology, Stillwater, United States, (14)Texas A&M University, International Ocean Discovery Program, College Station, United States, (15)James Madison University, Department of Geology and Environmental Science, Harrisonburg, VA, United States, (16)Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Corvallis, OR, United States, (17)Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan, (18)Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States, (19)Indiana University of Pennsylvania Main Campus, Indiana, United States, (20)Texas A&M University, College Station, United States, (21)Southern University of Science and Technology, Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shenzhen, China