Enhancing urban wastewater treatment through nature-based solutions: the role of biofilm–plant development in subsurface retention of multiple solutes
Audrey H Sawyer1,2, Miquel Ribot3, Sara Castelar3, Adrià Casacuberta4, Daniel Nadal-Sala4, Gabino Carballo5, Olivia Ballester6, Francesc Sabater4, Santi Sabaté4, Ruben Gil-Solsona6, Pablo Gago-Ferrero6, Albert Sorolla7 and Eugènia Martí3, (1)Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECA), Barcelona, Spain, (2)Hydrogeology group (UPC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain, (3)Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Blanes, Spain, (4)University of Barcelona, Ecology Section, Barcelona, Spain, (5)Nature Base Solutions, Tarragona, Spain, (6)Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain, (7)Naturalea, Castellar del Vallés, Spain