Yulin Shangguan, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, Xing Li, Sun Yat-sen University, The School of Geography and Planning, Guangzhou, China, Ruiying Zhao, National University of Singapore, Department of Geography, Singapore, Singapore, Jingfeng Xiao, University of New Hampshire, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, Earth Systems Research Center, Durham, United States, Jiangong Liu, Columbia University, New York, United States, Zheng Fu, IGSNRR Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, China, Wigneron Jean-Pierre, ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Villenave-d'Ornon, France, Philippe Ciais, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France, Xiaojun Li, ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, UMR1391 ISPA, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France, Songhan Wang, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China and Zhou Shi, Zhejiang University, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Hangzhou, China