A Comprehensive Survey of Large‑Scale Language and Foundation Models Advancing Earth and Environmental Sciences
Yitian Xiao1, Jieping Ye1, Grant Boquet1, James G Ogg2,3, Michael Stephenson4, Yu Ting1, Ting Jiang1, Mohamed Jaward Bah1, Yilin Li1, Hangyang Chen1 and Ying Zhou1, (1)Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou City, China, (2)International Union of Geological Sciences, Deep-time Digital Earth, DDE Research Center of Excellence (Suzhou), Suzhou, China, (3)Purdue University, Geologic TimeScale Foundation, West Lafayette, United States, (4)Stephenson Geoscience Consulting Ltd, London, United Kingdom