Da Fan, Columbia University, Learning the Earth with Artificial Intelligence and Physics (LEAP), a National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Center, New York, United States, David John Gagne II, NCAR/MMM, Boulder, United States; NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Lab, Boulder, United States, Steven J Greybush, Pennsylvania State University Main Campus, Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, University Park, United States, Eugene Edmund Clothiaux, Penn State, Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, University Park, United States, John Schreck, NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational & Information Systems Lab, Boulder, United States and Chaopeng Shen, Pennsylvania State University Main Campus, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Park, United States