Xiuwen Guo¹, Yang Gao², Shaoqing Zhang¹, Jian Lu¹, Wenju Cai³, Ruby Leung⁴, Jakob Zscheischler⁵, LuAnne Thompson⁶, Bin Guan⁷, Jonathan Rutz⁸, Huiwang Gao⁹, Chuncheng Guo¹⁰ and Lixin Wu¹¹, (1)Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, (2)Ocean University of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao, China, (3)Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China, (4)Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, United States, (5)Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, (6)University of Washington, Oceanography, Seattle, United States, (7)Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, California, United States, (8)Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes (CW3E), Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, United States, (9)Ocean University of China, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Qingdao, China, (10)Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, (11)Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China