The Global Meridional Overturning Circulation is a major driver of Earth's climate, connecting the Atlantic, Pacific and Southern Oceans and influencing biogeochemical cycling on many timescales. Modern oceanographic observations and modeling studies are making great advances in understanding GMOC dynamics and predictability over seasonal to decadal periods. Meanwhile, paleoclimate observations and modeling studies have highlighted connections between the climate and variations in the structure and magnitude of GMOC over multi-decadal to tectonic timescales. Much remains to be understood about the interplay between GMOC changes and the cryosphere, atmosphere, and ocean biogeochemistry, as well as mechanisms driving past, present, future GMOC variations. Modern and Paleo approaches are complementary and bring new insights into GMOC dynamics and predictability under future climate conditions. This session welcomes theoretical, modeling, and observation-based studies that investigate the nature, stability and sensitivity of the GMOC to external forcing and internal feedbacks across seasonal-to-tectonic timescales.

• A - Atmospheric Sciences
• C - Cryosphere
• GC - Global Environmental Change
• PP - Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology