Observations of lightning have always played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of atmospheric electricity. Over time, various instruments such as optical cameras, radio receivers, particle detectors, rockets, lasers, and more have been employed for these observations. With technological advancements, the volume of data generated by these instruments has increased significantly, necessitating innovative data processing techniques to derive meaningful scientific insights. Furthermore, advancements in signal processing methods have allowed more information to be extracted from the data collected. This session aims to explore recent developments in instrumentation used to observe lightning and transient luminous events (TEs), the signal and data processing techniques accompanying them, and the resulting observations. Potential topics include atmospheric electricity measurement instrumentation of all types, data processing methods for locating, mapping, or imaging lightning and TLEs, machine learning techniques for lightning detection and classification, signal enhancement methods, wave propagation models, and observations of all kinds.