Earth system variations on subseasonal-to-multidecadal timescales significantly impact socio-economic activities by modulating characteristics of extremes. Efforts have been made to comprehensively understand and skillfully predict subseasonal-to-multidecadal Earth system variability. However, important challenges remain in advancing our understanding of such variability and their impacts on extremes across multiple spatiotemporal scales. These challenges are often associated with systematic model biases which stem from inadequate understanding of weather and longer timescale interactions, misrepresentation of the complex and nonlinear processes, and insufficient/inaccurate model initializations, resolutions, and ensemble sizes. Therefore, a seamless approach to Earth system modeling and observational studies across such different scales is vital. This session aims to share knowledge, identify gaps, and discuss pathways for solutions to better understand and accurately predict Earth system variations on subseasonal-to-multidecadal timescales. We invite all research that uses diverse methods and data such as paleo-climate proxy data, observational data, reanalysis products, dynamical/statistical modeling, and AI/ML techniques.

• C - Cryosphere
• GC - Global Environmental Change
• OS - Ocean Sciences