Earth’s deep interior is the engine of planetary evolution, sustaining mantle convection, driving plate tectonics, generating the geomagnetic field, and regulating mass and energy exchange between the interior and surface. Mantle redox evolution and degassing shape atmospheric composition. Inner-core growth and outer-core convection maintain the magnetic field. Subduction transports surface materials into the deep mantle, whereas mantle plumes return material and heat from the core-mantle boundary. Together, these processes establish a global cycle of matter and energy that links deep Earth dynamics to surface habitability. Fundamental questions remain regarding the structure and dynamics of the deep interior. These include the evolution of mantle redox, mechanisms of mass exchange via slabs, plumes, and core-mantle interaction, and the energy sources sustaining the geodynamo. This session invites contributions from high-pressure experiments, atomistic simulations, seismic and geochemical observations, and geodynamic modeling to develop a self-consistent picture of deep Earth structure, composition, and evolution.

• MR - Mineral and Rock Physics
• S - Seismology
• T - Tectonophysics
• V - Volcanology, Geochemistry and Petrology