Given the critical role of EOP predictions in operational Earth orientation determination, this session is dedicated to contributions on the accurate modeling and prediction of Earth’s rotation, with a special focus on geophysical and climate signals in Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP). We invite studies exploring the links between Earth’s rotation and various factors such as geophysical fluids, climate signals, and the gravity field. Contributions that leverage diverse data sources to explain the excitation of Earth’s rotation are also welcome. We encourage studies applying modern prediction techniques, including machine learning, in combination with high-accuracy observational data and models. Additionally, we invite contributions on predicting other geodetic quantities, such as effective angular momenta or climate indices, using innovative approaches. Contributions focused on the determination of Earth rotation parameters using observational techniques, as well as on modeling their variability, are also welcome.