While paleoclimate evidence points to large variations of the AMOC strength over the Earth’s geological record, relevance to today’s climate is not well established. This session invites contributions that address any of the following science questions: Why do state-of-the-art coupled models fail to capture the southward freshwater transport seen in the real ocean? Is the freshwater flux at 34°S an indicator of bistability? What are the lines of evidence of AMOC tipping in the real world? What is the role of eddies in AMOC stability? What are the factors (including internal variability, rate-dependency, noise-induced transitions etc.) and possible thresholds leading to AMOC tipping in models or the real world? What are the timescales and early warning signals (EWS) for AMOC losing stability?  What are the physical, biogeochemical and ecosystem impacts of AMOC weakening/tipping? How can advanced machine learning techniques assist in studies of AMOC stability?

• OS - Ocean Sciences
• PP - Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology