This session explores the shifting landscape of Earth Observation through the lens of the USGS/NASA Landsat program. For over five decades, Landsat has provided the gold-standard calibrated record essential for monitoring global change. As we move toward the next generation of missions, this session examines how Landsat data—integrated with high-resolution commercial imagery and products like NASA’s Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS)—supports operational decision-making and policy-relevant outcomes. We invite contributions demonstrating innovative multi-sensor fusion, advances in uncertainty characterization, and the application of cloud computing and machine learning to scale Landsat-based analyses. We encourage presentations highlighting the transition toward Landsat 10, interoperability across international constellations, and applications that deliver measurable societal benefits in fields including food security, water management, carbon accounting, glaciology, biodiversity and conservation, urban studies, ecosystem health, disaster management and recovery.

• B - Biogeosciences