Land management treatments—such as fuel reduction, ecological restoration, erosion control, and infrastructure interventions—are widely implemented to enhance public safety and promote sustainable landscapes. Yet detecting and evaluating their effectiveness remains challenging due to complex system dynamics, limited data, and variability across space and time.

This session invites contributions that quantify, model, and assess the effectiveness of treatments in reducing risk and improving environmental (e.g., carbon, water, climate, biodiversity) and human outcomes (e.g., public safety, health, economy). We welcome interdisciplinary studies on coupled human–natural system challenges, including wildfires, floods, landslides, drought, and ecosystem degradation.

Topics include treatment detection using Earth observations; effectiveness metrics; causal inference; integration of remote sensing, field data, and modeling; uncertainty analysis; trade-offs among safety, ecology, and costs; and cross-scale case studies. We particularly welcome co-developed research and frameworks with land managers, practitioners, and other stakeholders that inform policy, planning, and adaptive management.

• B - Biogeosciences
• GH - GeoHealth
• NH - Natural Hazards
• SY - Science and Society