Radio science has been an investigation method used by numerous planetary missions to study solar system phenomena and fundamental physics. This session covers radio and optical science techniques to study ocean worlds, planetary interiors, the dynamics, composition, and thermal structure of planetary atmospheres. The science characterizes the topography, scattering, electrical, and other properties of planetary surfaces, as well as study solar system dynamics and to new techniques to combine diverse datasets. Radio science investigations motivated by U.S. Planetary Science Decadal Survey white papers are of particular interest. Relevant technology topics include the design of small
spacecraft constellations, use of inter-satellite links, advances in flight
and ground instrumentation, advances in space clock technologies,
novel communications and mission design architectures, and new
techniques and instrumentation for entry probes.