Montane cloud forests (MCFs) are critical ecosystems where interactions among atmospheric processes, complex terrain, and vegetation sustain water-capture functions for downstream communities. Cloud immersion and fog water deposition provide substantial moisture inputs, yet their representation in models and observations remains highly uncertain due to multiscale processes and limited measurements.

This session invites contributions that advance a process-level and predictive understanding of cloud–vegetation–atmosphere interactions across climates and regions by integrating satellite remote sensing, in situ observations, and high-resolution modeling. We particularly welcome studies including, but not limited to: evaluation and improvement of cloud and fog representation in models; observational constraints on cloud and vegetation processes; quantification of fog water inputs and ecohydrological impacts; effects of land use and land cover change; trends in cloud base height and moisture; and development of data fusion approaches.

This session aims to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and improve understanding of MCFs under environmental change.

• B - Biogeosciences
• H - Hydrology