Modeling porous and fractured media is key to delineating and understanding the complexities of subsurface heterogeneity, which has substantially advanced in the past decade. In turn, flow simulations help in evaluating such models and address questions like why and how subsurface heterogeneity matters, especially when it comes to the movement of groundwater, hydrocarbons, sequestered supercritical CO2, and other fluids in aquifers and reservoirs. These fluids are not only important as resources are but also sometimes interdependent, leading to the need for understanding multiphase fluid. This proposed session invites recent contributions in terms of both static and dynamic modeling techniques, both physical and chemical, including but not limited to hydrocarbon production, geothermal applications, CO₂ sequestration, and contaminant transport in aquifers. While modeling strategies involving PDEs, fractals, multifractals, and advanced geostatistical techniques, e.g., MPS, are encouraged, contributions that connect groundwater and energy are most welcome.

• EP - Earth and Planetary Surface Processes