Space weather (SW) (the application of Heliophysics) describes the highly-variable space-environment conditions between Sun and Earth.  Its effects can be detrimental to the performance/reliability of space-/ground-based infrastructures.  Our understanding/monitoring/forecasting of solar activity and its impact on the Earth's environment are all crucial for protecting critical infrastructures and in linking researchers with users and forecasters.  Severe SW events cause significant societal/economic disruptions through damage to satellites, communications-systems, power grids, etc..., with many additional secondary and tertiary impacts.

In an era where research funding is challenging, globally, with higher national/international priorities coming into play, it's now more crucial than ever that we are efficient in our research/research needs.

Thus, in this twelfth edition, we welcome submissions that address what research for SW is needed, how users/forecasters can target that research effort, and how researchers, users, and forecasters can all learn from each other around the research to operations to research (R2O2R) cycle.

• NH - Natural Hazards
• P - Planetary Sciences
• SY - Science and Society
• SA - SPA-Aeronomy