Understanding the dynamics of weather and climate variability across spatial and temporal scales requires integrating data spanning the instrumental record and paleoclimate archives in frameworks and models that connect, rather than separate, scales.

We particularly invite contributions along three complementary axes:

Model evaluation and development: using constraints from both the observational/reanalysis record and paleoclimate archives for tuning, retuning, and benchmarking variability and extremes across the full range of scales.

Empirical analyses across scales: including scaling, fractal, and multifractal approaches applied to instrumental, reanalysis, and proxy records to characterize variability and the frequency, magnitude, and clustering of extremes from synoptic to orbital timescales.

Theoretical frameworks: conceptual and mathematical models describing variability and extremes across scales, and may describe the scale- and state-dependence of climate dynamics, including the statistics of rare and high-impact events.

We encourage contributions from the PAGES Climate Variability Across Scales (CVAS) working group and related communities.

• A - Atmospheric Sciences
• OS - Ocean Sciences
• PP - Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology