Lei Duan^1,2, Long Cao³, Govindasamy Bala⁴ and Ken Caldeira², (1)Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, (2)Carnegie Institution for Science Stanford, Dept. of Global Ecology, Stanford, CA, United States, (3)ZheJiang University, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Hangzhou, China, (4)Indian Institute of Science, Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Bangalore, India