Global Observations of Ammonium Balance and pH Indicate More Acidic Conditions and More Liquid Aerosols than Current Models Predict

Benjamin Nault1, Pedro Campuzano-Jost2, Doug A Day3, Duseong Jo4, Jason Clay Schroder5, Roya Bahreini6, Huisheng Bian7, Mian Chin8, Simon L Clegg9, Peter Richard Colarco10, John D Crounse11, Jack E Dibb12, Michelle J Kim13, Jack Kodros14, Felipe Lopez-Hilfiker15, Eloise Ann Marais16, Ann M Middlebrook17, J A Neuman18, John B Nowak19, Fabien Paulot20, Jeffrey R Pierce14, Eric M Scheuer21, Joel A Thornton22, Kostas Tsigaridis23, Paul O Wennberg24 and Jose L Jimenez25, (1)University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (2)University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boulder, CO, United States, (3)University of Colorado, Dept. of Chemistry, Boulder, CO, United States, (4)University of Colorado at Boulder, Chemistry/CIRES, Boulder, CO, United States, (5)Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, United States, (6)University of California Riverside, Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, United States, (7)NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (8)NASA Goddard SFC, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (9)University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom, (10)NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (11)California Institute of Technology - CalTech, Pasadena, CA, United States, (12)Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (13)California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Pasadena, CA, United States, (14)Colorado State University, Atmospheric Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States, (15)University of Washington Seattle Campus, Seattle, WA, United States, (16)University of Leicester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester, LE1, United Kingdom, (17)NOAA Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (18)Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, United States, (19)NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States, (20)NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, United States, (21)University of New Hampshire Main Campus, Durham, NH, United States, (22)University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, (23)Columbia University, New York, NY, United States, (24)California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States, (25)University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Chemistry, Boulder, CO, United States