Philippe Ciais¹, Simon Besnard², Yitong Yao³, Chao Yue⁴, Nuno Carvalhais², Benjamin Poulter⁵, Thomas Pugh⁶, Jérome Chave⁷, Danae Rozendaal⁸, Paul C Stoy⁹, Shilong Piao¹⁰ and Markus Reichstein², (1)LSCE Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France, (2)Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Jena, Germany, (3)Peking University, Beijing, China, (4)LGGE Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, Saint Martin d'Hères, France, (5)NASA GSFC, Biospheric Science, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (6)University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom, (7)CNRS & Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 5174 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Toulouse, France, (8)Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, Netherlands, (9)Montana State University, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Bozeman, MT, United States, (10)Peking University, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China