Ben G Kopec, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States, Pete Douglas Akers, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, CRNS, Grenoble, France, Eric S Klein, University of Alaska Anchorage, Geological Sciences, Anchorage, AK, United States and Jeffrey M Welker, University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biological Sciences, Anchorage, AK, United States; University of Oulu & UArctic, Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, Oulu, Finland