Ningli Zhao, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States, Jessica M Warren, University of Delaware, Earth Sciences, Newark, DE, United States, Kathryn M. Kumamoto, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Reid F Cooper, Brown Univ, Providence, RI, United States and Greg Hirth, Brown Univeristy, Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Providence, RI, United States