Jingwen Wu, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, Haw Yen, Blackland Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX 76502, USA, Blackland Research and Extension Center, College Station, TX, United States, Chiyuan Miao, Beijing Normal University, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing, China, Jeffrey G Arnold, Texas A&M University College Station, College Station, TX, United States and Raghavan Srinivasan, Spatial Sciences Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States