Jing Geng, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States, Huajun Fang, IGSNRR Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, China and Shulan Cheng, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China