A tropospheric pathway of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) impact on the boreal winter polar vortex

Tetsu Nakamura1, Koji Yamazaki1, Jinro Ukita2 and Kazuhira Hoshi3, (1)Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, (2)Niigata University, Faculty of Science, Niigata, Japan, (3)Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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