Roberto Gwiazda¹, Charles K Paull¹, Brian Kieft¹, Denis Klimov¹, Michael P McCann¹, Eve M Lundsten¹, Matthieu Cartigny², Peter Talling², Jingping Xu³, Katherine L Maier⁴ and Daniel R Parsons⁵, (1)Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, United States, (2)University of Durham, Earth Sciences and Geography, Durham, United Kingdom, (3)US Geological Survey, Santa Cruz, CA, United States, (4)National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand, (5)University of Hull, Energy and Environment Institute, Hull, United Kingdom