Robert J Stern, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States, Yasuhiko Ohara, JAMSTEC Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan, Fernando Martinez, Univ of Hawaii-SOEST/HIGP, Honolulu, HI, United States and Jian Lin, Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst, G & G, Woods Hole, MA, United States