Chi Chen¹, Taejin Park², Xuhui Wang³, Shilong Piao³, Baodong Xu⁴, Rajiv K. Chaturvedi⁵, Richard Fuchs⁶, Victor Brovkin⁷, Philippe Ciais⁸, Rasmus Fensholt⁹, Hans A Tømmervik¹⁰, Govindasamy Bala¹¹, Zaichun Zhu¹², Ramakrishna R Nemani¹³, Yuri Knyazikhin¹ and Ranga B Myneni¹, (1)Boston University, Earth and Environment, Boston, MA, United States, (2)Boston University, Earth and Environment, Boston, United States, (3)Peking University, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China, (4)Huazhong Agricultural University, Macro Agriculture Research Institute, College of Resource and Environment, Wuhan, China, (5)Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Pilani, Goa, India, (6)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research—Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe, Germany, (7)MPI for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany, (8)LSCE Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France, (9)University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, (10)Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM – High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway, (11)Indian Institute of Science, Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Bangalore, India, (12)Peking University, Beijing, China, (13)NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States