Hans W Paerl, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, Nathan Hall, University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC, United States, Timothy G Otten, Bend Genetics LLC, Sacramento, CA, United States, Karen L Rossignol, UNC-Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC, United States, Raphael Martin Kudela, University of California Santa Cruz, Ocean Sciences, Santa Cruz, CA, United States and Hai Xu, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Nanjing, China