Kenneth Lawrence Clark¹, Warren E Heilman², Nick Skowronski³, Michael R Gallagher¹, Eric Victor Mueller⁴, Rory M Hadden⁵ and Albert Simeoni⁶, (1)USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, New Lisbon, NJ, United States, (2)USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Lansing, MI, United States, (3)USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Morgantown, WV, United States, (4)University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9, United Kingdom, (5)University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, (6)Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, United States