Bing Pu, University of Kansas, Department of Geography and Atmospheric Science, Lawrence, KS, United States, Paul A Ginoux, NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ, United States, Sarah B. Kapnick, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, United States and Xiaosong Yang, UCAR, Princeton, NJ, United States; NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, United States