Wenli Wang¹, Kun Yang², Long Zhao³, Ziyan Zheng⁴, Hui Lu⁵, Ali Mamtimin⁶, Baohong Ding⁷, Xin Li⁷, Lin Zhao⁸, Hongyi Li⁹, Tao Che¹⁰ and John C. Moore¹¹, (1)Tsinghua University, Center for Earth System Science, Beijing, China, (2)Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, (3)Southwestern University, School of Geographical Sciences, Chongqing, China, (4)Key Laboratory of Regional Climate–Environment for Temperate East Asia (RCE-TEA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, (5)Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, (6)CMA China Meteorological Administration, Institute of Desert Meteorology, Beijing, China, (7)ITP Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, (8)NUIST Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing, China, (9)Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China, (10)Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China, (11)Beijing Normal University, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing, China