Motoki Sasakawa¹, Fenjuan Wang¹, Aki Tsuruta², Shamil S Maksyutov¹, Rajesh Janardanan Achari¹, Akihiko Ito¹, Greet Janssens-Maenhout³, Edward J Dlugokencky⁴, Mikhail Arshinov⁵, Oleg Krasnov⁵, Johannes W. Kaiser⁶, Tsuneo Matsunaga¹ and Toshinobu Machida¹, (1)National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan, (2)Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, (3)European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC), Ispra, Italy, (4)NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO, United States, (5)Russian Academy of Sciences, V. E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Tomsk, Russia, (6)Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany