Patrick M Alexander^1,2, Marco Tedesco^1,3, Allegra N. LeGrande⁴, Elizabeth Fischer⁵, Shujie Wang⁶, Xavier Fettweis⁷, Mark Flanner⁸, Maxwell Kelley¹, Sophie Nowicki⁹ and Gavin A Schmidt¹⁰, (1)NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, United States, (2)Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States, (3)Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States, (4)NASA GISS 568, New York, NY, United States, (5)Columbia University, Center for Climate Systems Research, New York, NY, United States, (6)Lamont -Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, United States, (7)University of Liège, Liège, Belgium, (8)University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (9)NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (10)NASA/GISS, New York, NY, United States