Yu Kosaka, University of Tokyo, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Bunkyo-ku, Japan, Yuhei Takaya, Meteorological Research Institute, Climate Research Department, Ibaraki, Japan, Masahiro Watanabe, University of Tokyo, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, Kashiwa, Japan and Shuhei Maeda, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan; Meteorological Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan