Natasha Chapplow¹, Matthieu Cartigny², Steve Simmons³, Peter Talling², Charles K Paull⁴, Roberto Gwiazda⁴, Eve M Lundsten⁴, Krystle Anderson^4,5, Thomas C O'Reilly⁵, Kurt J Rosenberger⁶, Daniel R Parsons⁷, Katherine L Maier⁴, Michael Andrew Clare⁸ and Jingping P. Xu⁹, (1)University of Durham, Earth Sciences, Durham, United Kingdom, (2)University of Durham, Earth Sciences and Geography, Durham, United Kingdom, (3)University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom, (4)Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, United States, (5)MBARI, Moss Landing, CA, United States, (6)USGS, Baltimore, MD, United States, (7)University of Hull, Energy and Environment Institute, Hull, United Kingdom, (8)University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom, (9)Southern University of Science and Technology, Department of Ocean Science & Engineering, Guangdong, China