Jiafu Mao¹, Whitney Forbes², Daniel M Ricciuto¹, Shih-Chieh Kao³, Xiaoying Shi¹, Ahmad A Tavakoly⁴, Mingzhou Jin⁵, Weidong Guo⁶, Tianbao Zhao⁷, Yutao Wang⁸, Peter E Thornton⁹ and Forrest M. Hoffman¹⁰, (1)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, (2)University of Tennessee, Industrial and Systems Engineering, Knoxville, TN, United States, (3)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, (4)University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States, (5)University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States, (6)Nanjing University, School of Atmospheric Sciences,Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, Nanjing, China, (7)Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Beijing, China, (8)Fudan University, Shanghai, China, (9)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States, (10)University of California Irvine, Department of Earth System Science, Irvine, CA, United States