Mark Alexander Hubbert, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Christopher T Russell, University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth Planetary and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Hairong Lai, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, William R Paterson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Geospace Physics Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD, United States and Barbara L Giles, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States