Spruce W Schoenemann, The University of Montana Western, Environmental Sciences, Dillon, MT, United States, Jesse M Nusbaumer, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, Boulder, CO, United States, Allegra N. LeGrande, NASA GISS 568, New York, NY, United States and Trevor John Porter, University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Geography, Mississauga, ON, Canada