Junwei Xu¹, Randall Martin^1,2, Michael S Long³, Alisa White⁴, Xu Yue⁵, Loretta J. Mickley³, Julia Luken⁶, Meredith Amend⁶, Henry Roman⁶, James Neumann⁶, Susan Anenberg⁷ and Allison Ray Crimmins⁸, (1)Dalhousie University, Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Halifax, NS, Canada, (2)Washington University in St. Louis, Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, St. Louis, United States, (3)Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States, (4)Industrial Economics, Inc., Cambridge, United States, (5)Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China, (6)Industrial Economics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States, (7)George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States, (8)Environmental Protection Agency Washington DC, Washington, DC, United States