Louise Melanie Farquharson¹, Vladimir E Romanovsky¹, Benjamin M Jones², Guido Grosse³, Dmitry Sergeev⁴ and Ming Xiao⁵, (1)University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (2)University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, Fairbanks, AK, United States, (3)Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research Potsdam, Permafrost Research, Potsdam, Germany, (4)Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Moscow, Russia, (5)Pennsylvania State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Park, PA, United States