Ian Baxter¹, Qinghua Ding¹, Axel J B Schweiger², Michelle L L'Heureux³, Stephen Baxter³, Tao Wang⁴, Qin Zhang⁵, Kirstin Harnos⁵, Bradley R Markle⁶, Daniel Topal⁷ and Jian Lu⁸, (1)University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States, (2)University of Washington Seattle Campus, Seattle, WA, United States, (3)NOAA/NWS/NCEP/CPC, College Park, MD, United States, (4)Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, United States, (5)CPC NCEP, College Park, MD, United States, (6)California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States, (7)Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Budapest, Hungary, (8)Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States