Richard D Woodsmith, Woodsmith Watershed Consulting, Florence, OR, United States, Ryan J Niemeyer, University of California Santa Barbara, Earth Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, United States, Kevin D. Bladon, Oregon State University, Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management, Corvallis, OR, United States and David W Peterson, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Wenatchee, WA, United States