Continent-Wide R1/R2 Current System and Ohmic Losses by Broad Dipolarization-Injection Fronts

Evgeny V Panov, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria, Wolfgang Baumjohann, Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria, Rumi Nakamura, Space Reserach Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria, James M Weygand, IGPP/UCLA---ESS, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Barbara L Giles, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, Christopher T Russell, University of California Los Angeles, Department of Earth Planetary and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Reeves Geoffrey, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States, Marina V Kubyshkina, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia and Viacheslav G Merkin, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United States