Antonio Bobet, Purdue University, Lyles School of Civil Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, United States, Joseph Morris, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States, Hongkyu Yoon, Sandia National Laboratories, Department of Geomechanics, Albuquerque, NM, United States and Laura J Pyrak-Nolte, Purdue University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Lafayette, IN, United States